====== Apomixis ======
[[wp>en:Apomixis|Apomixis]] -- the formation of offspring by non-sexual means. Widespread in cultivated citrus species. In the process of citrus domestication there was a positive artificial selection for this trait (varieties whose trees were able to reproduce their copies by seeds were valued). Usually manifested in the form of polyembryony - multi-embryony of seeds. In addition to the sexual embryo, many apomictic embryos develop. Apomictic embryos are formed from the tissue surrounding the ovule, called the nucellus. Therefore, apomictic seeds are often called nucellar or polyembryonic seeds. Seeds with only sexual embryos are often called zygotic, zygotic. Although such names are common, they are not quite fair, because zygotic (sexual) embryos are often present in nucellar, polyembryonic seeds, and there may be seeds with a single apomictic embryo that are not polyembryonic. In addition, there is a non-apomictic type of polyembryony where multiple embryos are formed from a single divided zygotic embryo (([[doi>10.1086/335210]])) (([[doi>10.1093/aob/mcq148]])). Wild, pure species other than mandarin, trifoliate, and kumquat do not possess apomixis. Most hybrid citrus and cultivated varieties have acquired apomixis genes from mandarins (more details in the tables below).

The presence of apomixis is a valuable trait for propagation of rootstocks and for obtaining nucellar seedlings of valuable citrus varieties. The nucellar seedling has the characteristics of the mother plant being its clone, but because of its origin its tissues are free from many viral diseases. In addition, apomictic propagation plays an important role in varietal development. Many varieties are nucellar seedlings of their parent varieties. Although they are essentially clones of their parents, sometimes as a result of mutations they acquire new characteristics not inherent in the parent variety.

In breeding, apomixis is a problematic factor because it creates difficulties in obtaining sexual offspring from varieties with apomixis. Therefore, it is often useful to know the list of varieties with or without apomixis. Below are tables showing this information based on various sources.

In English-language literature, the property of producing apomictic seeds is often referred to as "True-to-type" and the opposite quality as "Off-type".

====The presence of apomixis in major citrus species and groups====
{{tablelayout?colwidth="150px,60px,400px"&rowsHeaderSource=1&tableSort=1}}
^ Name ^ Apomixis ^ Note ^
| [[ru:citrus:pomelo:start|Pomelo]] | - |  |
| [[ru:citrus:medica:start|Citron]] | - |  |
| [[ru:citrus:mandarin:start|Mandarin]] | +- | Predominantly apomictic, but there are non-apomictic varieties (Lee, Fortune) |
| [[ru:citrus:papeda:start|Papeda]] | +- | Non-apomictic: ichangensis. Apomictic: yuzu, macrophylla. |
| [[ru:citrus:fortunella:start|Kumquat]] | +- | Margarita, marumi are not apomictic. Obowata, meiwa are apomictic. Hong Kong is mostly apomictic, but there are some non-apomictic forms. |
| [[ru:citrus:australian:glauca|Glauca]] | - |  |
| [[ru:citrus:australian:start|Microcitrus]] | - |  |
| [[ru:citrus:poncirus:trifoliata:start|Trifoliata]] | +- | Predominantly apomictic, but non-apomictic forms occur.
|
| [[ru:citrus:poncirus:poliandra:start|Poliandra]] | ? |  |
| [[ru:citrus:aurantium:start|Sour Orange]] | + |  |
| [[ru:citrus:lemon:start|Lemon]] | + |  |
| [[ru:citrus:lime:start|Lime]] | + |  |
| [[ru:citrus:orange:start|Orange]] | +- | Predominantly apomictic. Some hybrid varieties are not apomictic (e.g. Tample). |
| Bergamot | - |  |

====Fraction of apomictic progeny in different citrus varieties====
Different researchers use different techniques to study apomixis/polyembryony. Some study the proportion of nucellar seedlings to their total number, while others count the proportion of polyembryonic seeds to the total number of seeds. If the source gives data on the percentage of apomictic seedlings, the corresponding figure is given in the column "Apomixis", if the source only indicates the proportion of polyembryonic seeds, the corresponding percentage is given in the column "Poly". If the presence of polyembryony is simply known without specific figures, this is noted in the Poly column with the word "yes".

The proportion of seeds with nucellar embryos is usually higher than the proportion of polyembryonic seeds because single-embryo nucellar seeds are present, so the tables below do not mix these concepts.

Where a source notes only the nature of the seeds produced by a variety (e.g. "nucellar" or "zygotic"), this has been entered in the tables in the polyembryony column as "yes" or "no".

**Trifoliata hybrids:**
{{tablelayout?colwidth="130px,180px,180px,180px"&rowsHeaderSource=1&tableSort=1}}
^ Name ^ Proportion of polyembryonic (multiple) seeds, seedlings (%) or the fact that they are present (yes/no) ^ Proportion of apomictic (nucellar, true-to-type) seeds, seedlings (%) ^ Proportion of sexual (zygotic, off-type) seeds, seedlings (%) ^
| [[ru:citrus:other:1584]]| | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:benton|]] | | 98(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))|  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:c22|]] | | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))|  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:c32|]] | |  | 5,7(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:c35|]] | | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])); 86,5(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:c54|]] | | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:c57|]] | | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:c146|]] | | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:carrizo|]] | yes(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]]))| 90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))|  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:colman]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:curafora|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:fa5|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:poncirus:trifoliata:flying-dragon]]| | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])); 40(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) | |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:kuharski|]] | | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))|  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:morton|]] | 86,8(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:phelps|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:rusk|]] | | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])); 92,3(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrumelo:sacaton|]] | 5,9(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]]))|  | 39,7(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:sunford|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrumelo:swingle|]] | 24(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 25,4(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])); 22(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]])); 64-65(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]]))| 94(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 64(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]])); 95(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) | 4(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 15,2(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:troyer|]] | 95,1(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:trifeola|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:uvalde|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:willets|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrange:yuma|]] | 4(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])); 21-31(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]]))|  | 50,6(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-801|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrumelo:us-802|]] | 45(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 39(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]]))| 96(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 73(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]])); 98(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) | 2(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-809|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-812|]] | 58(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 50(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]]))| 92(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 57(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]])); 96(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) | 4(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-827|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-852|]] | 12(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]]))| 60(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 40-60(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| 40(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-896|]] | | 97(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))|  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-897|]] | 44(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]]))| 66(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]])); 98(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-942|]] | 66(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]]))| 75(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI10970-16]])); 96(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-1279|]] | 0,3(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]]))| 0(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); <5(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| 100(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-1281|]] | 0(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]]))| 0(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); <5(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| 100(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-1282|]] | 0(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]]))| 0(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); <5(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| 100(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-1283|]] | 57(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]]))| 91(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 96(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| 4(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:us-1284|]] | 37(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]]))| 86(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 95(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| 5(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrumelo:us-1503|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrumelo:us-1516]] | 12(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]]))| 63(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])); 73(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))| 27(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI14598-19]])) |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrumelo:us-1524|]] | |  |  |
| [[ru:citrus:other:citrandarin:x639|]] | | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]]))|  |

====Other:====
{{tablelayout?colwidth="130px,180px,180px,180px"&rowsHeaderSource=1&tableSort=1}}
^ Name ^ Proportion of polyembryonic seeds, seedlings (%) or presence (p) / absence (m) of polyembryony ^ Proportion of apomictic (nucellar, true-to-type) seeds, seedlings (%) ^ Proportion of sexual (zygotic, off-type) seeds, seedlings (%) ^
| //C. aurantium// |  | 91(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) |  |
| //C. × amblicarpa// | 82,1-91,5(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |
| //F. crassifolia// | high(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| //F. margarita// | p(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]])) |  |  |
| //P. trifoliata// | moderate(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Akemi (Kiyomi × Seminole) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Amaka (Kiyomi × Encore) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Amakusa (Kiyomi × Okitsu) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Ariake (Seike Navel × Clementine) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Banpeiyu (//C. maxima//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Calamondin | 69.8 ± 4.2(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])) |  |  |
| Cleopatra m. | 75.0 ± 5.1(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])); 84,7-97,1(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Cuban shaddock | 30,3(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |  | 12,0(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |
| Cipo sweet orange | 98(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Cravo Santa Cruz Rangpur lime | 58,5(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Dancy m. | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]]))(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Duncan | high to moderate(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Ellendale mandarin | m(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]])) |  |  |
| Eureka l. | moderate(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Fairchild | p(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Fremont |  | 29-41(([[doi>10.15835/nbha4129037]])) |  |
| Fukure-mican (//C. tumida//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| GouTou |  | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) |  |
| Harehime ( (Kiyomi × Osceola) × Miyagawa wase) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Hareyaka (Encore × Nakano 3 gou ponkan) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Harumi (Kiyomi × Ponkan F-2432) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Hassaku (//C. hassaku//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Hayaka (Imamura unshiu × Nakano 3 gou ponkan) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Henka-mikan (//C. pseudo-aurantium//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Hirado-buntan (//C. maxima//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Honchiso (//C. succosa//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Hyuganatsu (//C. tamurana//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Imperial |  |  | >90(([[doi>10.1071/EA9960731]]))|
| Indio citrandarin | 100(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Iyo (//C. iyo//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Jaffa| p(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Kabuchii (//C. keraji//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Kara | p(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Kara mandarin | p(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]])) |  |  |
| Kawabata (//C. aurea//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| King (//C. nobilis//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])); moderate(([[doi>10.1007/BF00277725]])) |  |  |
| Kinkoji |  | 86(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) |  |
| Kinnow| p(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Kinnow mandarin | 81.4 ± 5.7(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])) |  |  |
| Kinukawa (//C. glaberrima//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Kishu-mikan (//C. kinokuni//) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Kiyomi (Miyagawa wase × Trovita) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Kunenbo (//C. nobilis//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Lee | m(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Limonia(//C. limonia//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Lisbon l. | low(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Lisbon lemon | p(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]])) |  |  |
| Marsh g. (//C. paradisi//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]]))(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]])) |  |  |
| Mediterranean m. (//C. deliciosa//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Miho-core (Miho wase × Encore) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Minneola | 75.4 ± 4.6(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])); 77,5(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Miyagawa (//C. unshiu//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Murcott tangor | p(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]]))(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Nankou (Miho wase × Clementine) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Natsudaidai (//C. natsudaidai//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Nishinokaori (Kiyomi × Trovita) | m(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Nova | 83.2 ± 5.8(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])) |  |  |
| Nova | p(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Orlando | p(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Osceola | p(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Page | p, m(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Parramatta orange | 81.1 ± 5.3(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])) |  |  |
| Parson Brown orange | 78.0 ± 5.1(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])) |  |  |
| Ponkan | very hagh(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Puchimaru kumquat | m(([[doi>10.1186/s13765-019-0437-1]])) |  |  |
| Rangpur lime | 43,3(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Robinson | m(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) | 19-54(([[doi>10.15835/nbha4129037]])) |  |
| Rokugatsu-mikan (//C. rokugatsu//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Rough lemon | 91.4 ± 6.6(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])); 94,5 - 93,2(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])); 96,2(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Ruby g. | high to moderate(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Satsuma Hayashi | high(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Seihou (Kiyomi × Mineola) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Setoka ( (Kiyomi × Encore) × Murcot) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Shiikuwasha (//C. depressa//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])); p, m(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Shiranuhi (Kiyomi × Nakano 3 gou ponkan) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Shunkokan (//C. shunkokan//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Smooth Flat Seville | 80.3 ± 5.4(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])); 29(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) | 41(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) |  |
| Sunki mandarin | 66,2-100(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Sun Chu Sha |  | 80-90(([[doi>10.32473/edis-hs1260-2019]])) |  |
| Sweet lime (//C. limettioides//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Tachibana (//C. tachibana//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Taiwanica| 26,0(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |  | 34,8(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |
| Tankan (//C. tankan//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Temple| m(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Thompson grapefruit | p(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]])) |  |  |
| Thornton | 72.9 ± 4.4(([[doi>10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.035]])) |  |  |
| Trovita (//C. sinensis//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Trovita o. | high(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Tsunokaori (Kiyomi × Okitsu wase) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Ujukitsu (//C. ujukitsu//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Umatilla | m(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Valencia o. | high to moderate(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])); 95,5(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  |  |
| Volcamer lemon | 14,4(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])); 30,9-54,4(([[doi>10.1590/S0100-204X2004000600006 ]])); 37,8-85,5(([[doi>10.5772/intechopen.105994]])) |  | 27,3(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |
| Washington navel o. | high(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| West Indian lime | p(([[doi>10.1104/pp.110.2.599]])) |  |  |
| Wilking | m(([[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.7.1.14]])) |  |  |
| Yama-mikan (//C. intermedia//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Yatsushiro (//C. yatsushiro//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |
| Yoshida navel o. | high(([[doi>10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08672.x]])) |  |  |
| Yuma Ponderosa | 18,0(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |  | 20,0(([[doi>10.1016/0304-4238(88)90150-1]])) |
| Yuzu (//C. junos//) | p(([[doi>10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.002]])) |  |  |

==== Further reading ====
  * [[doi>10.1080/00087114.1983.10797645]]
  * [[doi>10.21273/HORTSCI.30.6.1279]]
  * [[doi>10.1093/aob/mcq148]]